5/3/2021 0 Comments Bhartiya Hindi 140
India is also home to the third-largest Muslim population in the world after Indonesia and Pakistan. 101 102 103.For the ethno-religious Indian Christian group also referred to as East Indian, see East Indians.The term Indian refers to nationality, rather than a particular ethnicity or language; the Indian nationality consists of dozens of regional ethno-linguistic groups, reflecting the rich and complex history of the country.
Due to emigration, the Indian diaspora is present throughout the world, notably in other parts of Asia, North America, Europe, the Caribbean, Oceania, and Africa. The demonym Indian applies to nationals of the present-day Republic of India, but also to the nationals residing in the entirety of British India (including what is now Pakistan and Bangladesh) before the partition of India in 1947. The name is derived from the ancient Vedic and Puranas, which refer to the land that comprises India as Bhrata varam and uses this term to distinguish it from other vara s or continents. The Bhratas were a vedic tribe mentioned in the Rigveda, notably participating in the Battle of the Ten Kings. India is named after legendary Emperor Bharata who was a descendant of the Bhratas tribe, scion of Kuru Dynasty who unified the Indian Subcontinent under one realm. The Manusmti (2.22) gives the name ryvarta to the tract between the Himalaya and the Vindhya ranges, from the Eastern (Bay of Bengal) to the Western Sea (Arabian Sea). Inda in Koine Greek denoted the region beyond the Indus ( ) river, since Herodotus (5th century BC), h Indik chr; the Indian land,, Indos, an Indian, from Old Persian Hindu and medieval term Hindustani. The name is derived ultimately from Sindhu, the Sanskrit name of the river Indus, but also meaning river generically. The first great Empire of the Indian people was the Maurya Empire having Patliputra (currently Patna, Bihar ) as its capital, conquered the major part of South Asia in the 4th and 3rd century BC during the reign of the Indian Emperors Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka alongside their senior advisor, Acharya Chanakya, the pioneer of the field of political science and economics in the World. The next great ancient Empire of the Indian people was the Gupta Empire. This period, witnessing a Hindu religious and intellectual resurgence, is known as the classical or Golden Age of India. During this period, aspects of Indian civilisation, administration, culture, and Hinduism and Buddhism spread to much of Asia, while Chola Empire in the south had flourishing maritime trade links with the Roman Empire during this period. The ancient Indian mathematicians Aryabhata, Bhskara I and Brahmagupta invented the concept of zero and the HinduArabic numeral system decimal system during this period. During this period Indian cultural influence spread over many parts of Southeast Asia which led to the establishment of Indianized kingdoms in Southeast Asia. Under the great Indian Emperors Rajaraja Chola I and his successor Rajendra Chola I the Chola dynasty became a military, economic and cultural power in South Asia and South-East Asia. The power of the Chola empire was proclaimed to the eastern world by the expedition to the Ganges which Rajendra Chola I undertook and by the occupation of cities of the maritime empire of Srivijaya in Southeast Asia, as well as by the repeated embassies to China. ![]() This marked a huge influence in the Indian society. The Mughal Empire balanced and pacified local societies through new administrative practices 49 50 and had diverse and inclusive ruling elites, 51 leading to more systematic, centralised, and uniform rule. Newly coherent social groups in northern and western India, such as the Marathas, the Rajputs, the Pathans, the Jats and the Sikhs, gained military and governing ambitions during Mughal rule, which, through collaboration or adversity, gave them both recognition and military experience. This particularly concerns the spread of Hinduism, Buddhism, architecture, administration and writing system from India to other parts of Asia through the Silk Road by the travellers and maritime traders during the early centuries of the Common Era. To the west, Greater India overlaps with Greater Persia in the Hindu Kush and Pamir Mountains. During medieval period, Islam played a significant role in shaping Indian cultural heritage 77 Over the centuries, there has been significant integration of Hindus, Jains, and Sikhs with Muslims across India 78 79. Today, Hinduism and Buddhism are the worlds third- and fourth-largest religions respectively, with over 1 billion followers altogether, 80 81 82 and possibly as many as 1.5 or 1.6 billion followers. Throughout Indias history, religion has been an important part of the countrys culture. Religious diversity and religious tolerance are both established in the country by the law and by custom; the Constitution of India has declared the right to freedom of religion to be a fundamental right. According to the 2012 WIN-Gallup Global Index of Religion and Atheism report, 81 of Indians were religious, 13 were not religious, 3 were convinced atheists, and 3 were unsure or did not respond. It is a system in which social stratification within various social sections defined by thousands of endogamous hereditary groups are often termed jti or castes. Within a jti, there exists exogamous groups known as gotras, the lineage or clan of an individuals. Caste barriers have mostly broken down in cities but still exists in some form in rural areas. Although participants in the Indian census may choose to not declare their religion, there is no mechanism for a person to indicate that heshe does not adhere to any religion. Due to this limitation in the Indian census process, the data for persons not affiliated with any religion may not be accurate. India contains the majority of the worlds Hindus, Jains, Sikhs, Zoroastrians and Bah. Christianity is widespread in the Northeast India, parts of southern India, particularly in Kerala and among various populations of Central India. India is also home to the third-largest Muslim population in the world after Indonesia and Pakistan.
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